The prison system originated between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries with the sole purpose of punishing the criminal act, this time the sentences were disproportionate, degrading and cruel, but with the development of society was realized that it was necessary to modify the punitive system, time that went to see the prisons not like a house of social segregation last forever, but rather, as an establishment responsible for punishing and prepare the individual for return to social life, being advantageous for all, for the egress of the penitentiary system in addition to their restored freedom would still have the opportunity to be reinstated to the community within and against society as a whole could be safe knowing that that person is ressocializada and therefore no longer represents a danger to the social environment. Therefore, the state began to enter the prison system a number of measures aimed at rehabilitation of inmates, among them the work and educational activities. In this context, this paper chose as the subject of study educational activities performed in the Penitentiary Regional Standard Cajazeiras/PB as rehabilitation measure of its prison population. The research adopted in its instrumental phase deductive method based on the premise that greater is the need for rehabilitation of prisoners provided by the LEP that the penalty has a twofold function composed of the retributive and educational functions, to get to the minor premise which is the development of educational activities in the penal settlement under discussion as a way to reenter the reeducation in society. For the procedure chosen as the empirical methods, based on reality and experience through on-site visits to Penitentiary Standard Regional Cajazeiras-PB, followed by in-depth interviews, and a research to understand the reasons and consequences of the effectiveness of education in this unit prison, beyond the indirect documentation technique demonstrated by analysis and critical reading of the law and doctrine. It was found at the end that educational activities not still managed to achieve satisfactory results with regard to rehabilitation of reeducation of the prison unit in question.