Produção de fibras nanométricas e submicrométricas de ZnO, NiFe2O4, (NiZn)Fe2O4 e TiO2 através do método de fiação por sopro em solução.

Abstract

ith the advent of nanotechnology, the technological development of ceramic fibers has turned largely to the study and production of nanofibers. Ceramic oxide nanofibers have physical and chemical characteristics that make them great candidates for a wide range of industrial applications, such as catalysis, filtration, energy conversion and storage, sensors, biomaterials, etc. Currently, the most commonly used techniques for the production of ceramic oxide nanofibers present negative points such as low productivity, high cost and the need for high electrical voltages. However, in 2009 a new technique was developed for the production of nanofibers, the Solution Blow Spinnig (SBS), which can achieve a productivity up to 100 times higher than electrospinning. In this sense, this research had as objective the production of nanofibres of ceramic oxides (ZnO, NiFe2O4, NiZnFe2O4 and TiO2) using SBS. For this purpose, two types of polymer (PVC and PVP) were used and some parameters analyzed: nature and concentration of the precursor, preparation time of the solution, calcination temperature, etc. The fibers produced were calcined at temperatures ranging from 600°C to 700°C, depending on the type of oxide, and subjected to characterization of scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, transmission microscopy and BET. Based on the results it was possible to obtain all the fibers of the oxides successfully proposed, at nanometric and submicron scale. The results indicate that zinc acetate favored the production of ZnO fibers. The processing of spinel ferrites was favored with the use of PVP and adding DMF to the system. The added DMF content favors formation and finer fibers. The titanium fibers were successfully obtained using the two polymers, PVC and PVP, and the use of the PVP/ethanol system favors rutile phase formation. Thus, the SBS technique is an efficient and high productivity method for the production of nanometric and submicron fibers.