As complicações em pacientes críticos decorrentes do uso da terapia nutricional enteral: revisão sistemática.

Abstract

The role of nutrition in the hospital is to establish a diet therapy approach seeking to improve the health status of inpatients, establishing procedures with the purpose of mitigating the risks of malnutrition, through nutritional support and strict monitoring, offering adequate nutrients, for each specificity and thus reducing the length of hospital stay with favorable prognosis. In this perspective, the objective of the study is to investigate complications in critically ill patients, admitted to intensive care units, resulting from the use of enteral nutritional therapy. It is a systematic review by inductive, observational and statistical methods, of the last five years on complications of the use of enteral nutritional therapy in critically ill patients. Data collection was performed based on the development of a six-step research protocol using the PICO strategy (population, intervention, comparison and results) and eligibility criteria. A total of 1,323 individuals were evaluated, observing a minimum of 27 and a maximum of 628 individuals in each study, aged between 16 and 83 years. 36.28% had complications related to problems such as infection, 31.44% related to gastrointestinals and 23.20% to mechanics. Of the patients surveyed, 25.54% were at high risk of malnutrition, and 12.47 were malnourished. Early nutritional therapy was identified in 36.35% of the findings, 3.93% did not use such conduct and 59.71% of the studies did not report whether the use was within 72 hours, of the evaluated studies 25.01% did not reach the requirements. Recommendations regarding the patients' energy and protein needs and 39.98% presented hospital discharge as a clinical outcome. Although the complications resulting from the use of enteral nutritional therapy in critically ill patients are widely reported in the literature, this remains the most important and efficient option to maintain / recover the patient's health status, and its early indication and prescription is essential, as well as monitoring through the evolution of the patient, as to suitability and acceptability, and cannot be ruled out as part of the conduct for the treatment of any pathology.