Terapia nutricional no paciente crítico com COVID-19: uma revisão integrativa de literatura.

Abstract

COVID-19 consists of a disease caused by the newly discovered SARS-CoV-2 virus, classified as a pandemic by the world health authorities at the beginning of 2020. The symptoms caused by this pathology range from cough and runny nose, to loss of appetite and diarrhea, even severe acute respiratory syndrome. The virus has a high rate of transmission, and is faced worldwide without specific treatment that leads to cure and without vaccine. In view of this, health professionals resort to information reported by professional colleagues, clinical experience and experimental studies. Thus, the objective of ths paper is to gather information about nutritional therapy in critically ill patients with COVID-19, in order to assist in making nutritional decisions for their treatment. The present study consists of a systematic integrative literature review, developed through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) protocol. The search and collection of data was carried out on seven different database platforms from June to September 2020 and the analysis, discussion and results of the collected data took place between September and November 2020. Initially, 819 archives were found, reduced to 28 after reading the title and abstract, exclusion by eligibility criteria, inclusion and exclusion criteria, evaluation by methodologically recognized tools and reading in full. The 28 articles were published in 2020 and are distributed in 15 different countries, of which 71.4% address interventions for enteral and parenteral nutritional therapy, 53.6% address screening and nutritional assessment, 50% address oral nutritional supplements and 46.4 % address the administration of energy, macronutrients and micronutrients. Thus, it is observed that nutritional therapy is of fundamental importance for the recovery of patients, and should be carried out in a planned manner and considering the role of the multidisciplinary team present in the institutions. The present systematic literature review does not carry out an exhaustive search for scientific evidence, since new information about COVID-19 is published daily. Therefore, the importance of nutrition in the integral treatment of patients is recognized, as well as the need to develop more studies on this topic.