Desenvolvimento de tubos de quitosana para uso como prótese traqueobrônquica.

Abstract

The substitution of synthetic polymers by natural, biodegradable, non-toxic and biocompatible polymers, such as chitosan, may result in the production of a product that attenuates the immune response, is biodegradable, bioabsorbable and serves the purpose it has been proposed. the need for surgical reintervention. Also in this context, it is already known that the use of biomaterials have been very relevant in the sense of supplying the need for regeneration, repair and growth of the tissues in the areas affected by injuries or diseases. Within the medical activity can be highlighted some interventions such as: management of the airways, treatment of stenotic diseases of the esophagus and arterial surgeries. Thus, the present work aims to develop tubular chitosan devices for use as biomaterials and to compare with non-biodegradable commercial tubes used in the medical area. The tubes were obtained using the dip-coating method with the coagulation of chitosan in sodium hydroxide solution and were characterized by Optical Microscopy (MO); Spectroscopy in the Infrared Region with Fourier Transform (FTIR); Mechanical Traction Test; Wettability by Contact Angle Measurement; Degree of Swelling (GI); In vitro Biodegradation and Cytotoxicity Assay. By means of the MO technique it was possible to observe uniformity in the walls of the obtained chitosan tube. With the FTIR technique it was verified that interaction occurred between the chitosan and the plasticiser used and that the commercial tube studied is polydimethylsiloxane. The mechanical tensile test demonstrated that the elastic modulus of the commercial tubes is superior to the tubes obtained in this research. The results of Wettability by contact angle suggested that the chitosan tube presents a hydrophilic profile, while the commercial tube is hydrophobic and for this reason the degree of swelling was higher in the chitosan tubes. As for the Biodegradation test, it was observed that the samples in lysozyme presented a greater loss of mass. The Cytotoxicity assay confirmed the biocompatibility of the material. Based on the results it can be concluded that it is possible to obtain biodegradable chitosan tubes to be applied as biomaterial.