Identidades, diferenças e tensões: um estudo sobre o campesinato em contextos sociais rurais do Sul e no Nordeste brasileiro.

Abstract

The research presented here is the study of the peasantry into two distinct regions of Brazil. We attempted to understand how himself process social identity and relations between assentados Bela Vista settlement with its neighbors and other social agents non-assentados of the city of Esperança, in the Agreste of Paraiba, drawing a parallel with social identity and relationships involving assentados Settlement of the Colonia Esperança and colonos from Linha São Roque, of the city of Cascavel in western Paraná. For this, at first it was discussed peasantry and identities, then the wider sociohistorical processes, and in a second time, we sought to highlight the capacity of the agency and resistance of those who fight for land and to keep her, to operate with the dialectic between the moral peasant and future choices between equal and unequal, between collective and individual, between identities and differences established with the "other" and among themselves. In summary, the study aimed to understand the process of constructing social identities and relationships that are established between the assentados, with their various "others". Initial hypotheses realized that the identities of colonos and assentados, historically constructed, are the keys to understanding the social relations and identity of the present in the South the contry. In Paraiba Agreste the sociopolitical identity of the assentados, is linked to the relations of patronage and dependence of the one recent past, with its continuities and ruptures in the present. Even among different regions, there are similarities between the social contexts to which they are referred to the various peasants, able to resist and act amid limits and possibilities and relations with their various "other".The methodological approach has combined participant observation, oral interviews and the field diary. In both cases the settlements studied, via resort to memory was analyzed the reconstructed identities and (re) signified according to the "struggles" of the present. The rural settlements were here understood as social and symbolic spaces that generate new dynamics by altering territories and their webs of social relations. Among the results, stands out the knowledge of the differences of the two specific peasantries regarding their struggles, achievements, projects, various achievements, ways to access and use land, access to public policy, the difficulties for reproduction social and the social construction of their identities and differences. Despite sharing a peasant identity more general with references to moral and social values (land, labor, family and autonomy), this is done in different ways and with reference to the specifics of local contexts of interaction where social games unfold.