Equidade, justiça ambiental e empreendimento energéticos: estudo das suas relações quanto á comunidade do Cumbe (Aracati/CE) e o parque eólico bons ventos.

Abstract

The emergence of so-called "modernity", characterized by the advent of capitalism, has strongly influenced the economic rationality of the most diverse regions of the planet. This rationality has penetrated new spaces, including the installation of wind energy projects in the coastal zone. In Ceará, considering that its coastal area is inhabited by traditional communities (groups characterized by different livelihoods which territorialize inhabited spaces through strongly intertwined social relationships with the local environment), the use of coastal areas for the installation of wind farms has been causing tensions, since it has been occurring without taking into account the existence of these population groups. From the described scenario, this thesis had the general aim of analyzing if the process of planning and installation of the Wind Farm Bons Ventos complied to the precepts related to environmental equity - fair and effective involvement - as to the Cumbe community (Aracati/CE), allowing for environmental justice in the process. Therefore, through qualitative research which highlights environmental study for the licensing of the Bons Ventos Wind Farm, secondary data were used from bibliographic, documentary, journalistic, legislative and even jurisprudential research. Minutes of meetings of the State Council for the Environment - COEMA, and primary data collected from the community of Cumbe through individual interviews and mainly from simple observation during field visits performed to the community were also used. The information collected had its content confronted by using the methodological strategy of triangulation of data, and then it was analyzed and interpreted through content analysis. The results showed that there was no environmental equity during the planning and installation of Bons Ventos Wind Farm. Thus, in view of the indispensability of social, active and purposeful participation from the earliest onset of a wind project, it was concluded that this process caused environmental injustice to the Cumbe community, given the lack of equity that characterized the decision-making processes.