Influência de variáveis meteorológicas no número de casos de dengue e consequências socioambientais.

Abstract

Dengue has been considered by some researchers as a socio-environmental disease. It is evident, therefore, that the high concentration of solid waste, very common in the areas of urban sprawl and climate conditions in Brazil whole year, have favored the evolution of the transmitter of the dengue mosquito. In view of these reflections this research was to investigate the influence of meteorological variables on increasing the number of dengue cases occurred in the city of Campina Grande, Paraiba, between the periods January 2004 to December 2013. This is a descriptive study, documentary, with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of all confirmed cases of dengue resident population in Campina Grande in the aforementioned period, which are reported in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases, provided by the State Health Secretariat in Singapore and Municipal Health in Campina Grande. The meteorological data were obtained from meteorological station of the National Institute of Meteorology. As a result, it has to be: were reported 2,583 confirmed cases of dengue; the year 2013 registerd the highest incidence rate with 342.4 cases of dengue per 100,000 inhabitants. The females had the highest number of reported cases. The age group most affected was between those aged 15-24 years with education level between the 5th and 8th incomplete series. There was a negative correlation between the moderate cases of dengue and the average temperature (r = - 0.78), the maximum (r = - 0.78) and minimum (r = - 0.79); with the relative humidity there was a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.728) and the rainfall was moderate positive correlation as well (r = 0.534). There was good correlation between the increase in the number of dengue cases and meteorological variables directly and indirectly, which in turn may have influenced the number of reported dengue cases in the city analyzed. Regarding environmental impacts raised, it is emphasized that the continued use of chemical control in the fight against insect vectors can cause major environmental imbalance by eliminating beneficial insects, contamination of the environment and risk to the health of staff working in control -causing vectors of endemic diseases; Another impact observed are hospitalizations that generate work absenteeism, which in turn reduces productivity and therefore involve increased spending for Health and Social Security System. The relationship between dengue and environmental conditions revealed that despite the gender, education and age have demonstrated influence in cases of dengue; it became clear that the lack of adequate sanitation was the main cause for increase these numbers. The city of Campina Grande has been presented over the years a significant increase in the percentage of population served with sanitation; however, it is observed that social and environmental condition of the city continues to favor the adaptation and proliferation of Aedes aegypti. It is worth to contrast that there is an urgent need to implement public health policies together with the environmental area in order to minimize the environmental conditions of the region, which are favorable to the expansion of the mosquito Aedes aegypti, noting that control actions and prevention of dengue should include actions that enable the participation of the permanent population and responsible balance in the search to the environment.