Avaliação do "programa um milhão de cisternas rurais - P1MC" : aplicação no município de Pedra Lavrada - PB.

Abstract

Since time immemorial, many rural populations of the Brazilian Semiarid have lived with tough realities due to the lack of water. Given this, the management of water from cisterns has become a means to an end: access and water availability. In this sense, the Semi-Arid Articulation (ASA) has developed the “Training and Social Mobilization for Coexistence in the Semiarid: One Million Rural Cisterns - P1MC”, which aims to provide access, management, and enhancement of water for "sustainable living" with water scarcity in the Brazilian semiarid. Knowing the premises of P1MC, this study aimed to analyze the efficiency and performance of the same developers as a social technology capable of providing water availability, and improving the quality of life for families living with water scarcity. For both, were performed: i) bibliographic and documentary studies (series 61 years of rainfall) in order to ascertain the effectiveness of cisterns, ii) field studies to assess the potential Capture Volume (PCV) of roofs residential and tanks to supply water needs, and iii) semi-structured questionnaires to 40 families benefited by P1MC, in Pedra Lavrada - PB in order to analyze the effects of P1MC to the living conditions and health of the beneficiary families by that program. As a result, it was concluded that: 1) the cisterns is able to meet the water needs of a family with up to four people, throughout the dry period (8 months), 2) the performance of P1MC presented as negatives : lack of monitoring related problems to cracks and leaks from tanks and there was no efficient citizen education regarding the use and consumption of water tanks, and the water storage capacity of tanks (16 m3) does not meet the basic needs of a family with 5 or 6 people, nor allows the practice of economic activities (animal or small watering crops); and 3) P1MC promote better conditions of life: access / availability of water, consumption of water of better quality, reduced physical effort and "water independence." Briefly, the P1MC has contributed in its own way, to improve the lives of countless families through the provision of a social technology (cisterns), which has allowed for better survivability and sustainability amidst the adversities edaphoclimatic the Brazilian semiarid.