SOARES, M. A. T.; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6640551889000604; SOARES, Marco Antônio Tavares.
Résumé:
This study has the objective of understanding the causes of the emergence and expansion
of informal labor in capitalism, as well as to analyze contemporary relations between
informal labor and capital. We start with a review of the literature on informal labor trying
to understand the various theories dealing with questions related to labor market and its
segmentation. The theoretical research revealed controversies among different schools of
thought - Classical, Neoclassical and Marxian - about informal labor, relating to its
definition and role in the capitalist mode of production. Contrary to the hegemonic view,
we start with a historical, descriptive and criticai analysis to show that the seeds of
informal labor were present since the génesis of capitalism. Despite this, it was verified
that the debate about informal labor presents it as something new (emerging around the
1970s). The theoretical unsustainability of analyses about unemployment of the labor
force, having its foundations on the Classical and Neoclassical schools is due to its
incapacity to go beyond the appearance that dissimulates the mediations between informal
labor and capital. As we analyzed the theories and reality we noticed the need to amplify
the concept of informal labor, to include both the activities of the "informal sector"
(survival activities) as well as productive and unproductive labor. When dealing with
informal productive labor, even when the appearance denies the relation capital/labor, we
verified that not only informal labor can be functional and subordinate, as it can be
subsumed to capital, being this process intensified by the crisis of capitalism.