O processo de degradação ambiental e seus efeitos socioeconômicos em Cabaceiras- PB.

Abstract

The study area comprises the city of Cabaceiras-PB, located in meso and micro Borborema Cariri East. The objective of the present work was to study the process of environmental degradation and the vulnerability of rural households in the municipality. The methodology was based on the use of images TM/Landsat-5 orbital periods between 1987 and 2009, bibliographic data, questionnaires and field data. Was calculated dryness index of UNEP (1991), by the method of Thornthowite (1955) the last thirty (30) years (1981-2010). The results obtained through the thematic maps of land degradation and land cover in the respective years (1987-2009) revealed a marked deterioration. The areas classified as moderate to severe level of degradation had an increase of 14,04 % and the serious level increment was 126 %, which considers a worrying level of degradation is indicative of increased land degradation. Regarding the vegetation of the land, the study highlights the areas characterized as dense vegetation and semi-dense obtained negative increments of 35.9 % and 37,11 %. These results are due to high vulnerability (Social 29,2 % Savings 76,8 %, Technology 69,7 % and Hydro 48,1 %) whose indices ranged from moderate to very high. Families have high economic weakness, evidenced by dependence on welfare programs for the eradication of poverty the government Federal.Tal result can also be explained by the absence of public policies in the agricultural sector and water infrastructure.