Impactos ambientais decorrentes das condições antroponaturais no município de São João do Cariri- PB.

Abstract

It knows that the environmental problematic comes being discussed by practically all society sectors. This big concern happens for the natural resources extinction caused by increase in consumption and adherence of supranational organisms to the preservation speech. This environmental crisis, that for many ones means a crisis of all civilization, evidences the greatest consequences on emerging and poor countries, because of the production capitalist model which normally it is over social and environmental interests. This crisis purchases alarming features, especially on areas whose climatic conditions are determinants for the survival of the resident populations and the inefficiency of the governmental policies for minimize the effects of successive droughts, or it has a lack of local specifities knowledge, or yet because of the absence of a planning which contemplate the neediest population. It could be cited here the evil to succeed programs to the Brazilian Semi-arid like SUDENE, Projeto Sertanejo and DNOCS. In the other hand, the introduction of mequite (Prosopis juliflora) in semi-arid overcomes any other governmental action in this area, since immediately it was produced economic and social impacts of significant importance, knowing that it was applied public money next to landowners set in the area. In environmental terms, the impact happens when it was caused the deforestation of Caatinga to introduce the exotic species. In this work, it was diagnosed the main environmental problems existing at São João do Cariri-PB municipality, with greater emphasis on area most anthropic along the Taperoá river, and it was evaluated how those problems affect living conditions of the resident population. It is pointed that the use of satellite images in the analysis of the environmental impacts evidenced a continuous process of loss of the vegetal covering in the last twenty years. Even so in the last five years, it has observed a small recovery in some areas of the city. São João do Cariri-PB city is totally inserted in the semi-arid zone, occupying 1.5% of the territory from the Paraíba state and comes being explored for the agriculture and mainly for the cattle extensive, since the colonization, resulting in an intense process of deforestation which is precipitated by a series of other problems, as much environmental as social. The socioeconomical data analyses by this search, through the questionnaires, gives support to confirm that the population shows a surprising adaptability power to the conditions that are exposed. But, clearly, it is continued the search of governmental actions that reflect in a physical infrastructure and assistance technique capable to increase the productivity of the agricultural sector in analyzed city. It was testified, for occasion of the field work, a true one confronts to the environmental laws, inadequate techniques of production, unfamiliarity for the handling with defensives and other actions that if they reflect in ambient and social degradation, what it strengthens, therefore, the necessity of governmental technique assistance to the production in the agricultural environment.