Aplicação do FMEA como suporte para melhoria de processos na construção civil: um estudo de caso.

Abstract

The civil construction sector is one of the key drivers of Brazilian economy and moves billions a year. In this context of strategic and economic relevance, quality and safety of construction sites is an essential factor for the soundness of this industry and allows constructions to perform at their best. Taking this into consideration, industrial maintenance is a domain of knowledge that uses a variety of tools in order to identify and prevent and/or mitigate eventual faults in equipment, including, in a broad sense, the building themselves. In this regard, Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is a method designed to prevent potential failure and analyze risks derived from it, and is applicable to many processes in several different fields. This study aimed to develop an FMEA-based improvement plan for a construction site located in the city of São José do Egito-PE. In the first place, activities carried out at the construction site were listed, and FMEA was then applied to the specific environment. At last, based on the result of FMEA application, failure modes with the highest Risk Priority Number (NPR) were identified. The 5 failure modes with highest NPR for which an improvement plan was proposed were: beam deterioration, inadequate beam utilization, inadequate drywall board compartments, ceramic stone breakage and infiltration. The first 4 are from the structural stage, whereas the last one is from the hydraulic installation stage. The application of FMEA form was able to identify failure modes with highest NPR and, from this, elaborate an improvement plan in order to increase work process efficiency in the studied environment.