Mobilidade urbana através de um modelo metodológico georreferenciado de sintaxe espacial para cidades de porte médio.

Abstract

Introduction - In the last half of the 19th century, the world experienced the consolidation of two trends that influenced social life, population growth and the growing process of urbaniza- tion. The effects of this migratory process - expansion of the urban area, pollution, crime, so- cial segregation, inequality, lack of mobility and accessibility, among others - caused a loss of the quality of urban life. Objective - Given the importance of medium-sized cities, in this context, Campina Grande (PB) was chosen to carry out the research, with the objective of developing a methodological model of analysis and diagnosis of urban mobility for cities counting between 250,000 and 500,000 inhabitants, under the perspective of the Theory of Social Logic of Space. Methods - The research used the inductive method of particular gen- eralizations, of an exploratory, empirical, bibliographic and documentary character. As for the process, it is a quantitative research that made use of seven georeferenced information based on the Spatial Syntax tool. To the results processed through Depthmap® and QGIS, mathematical and statistical tools such as Pearson's Correlation, Histogram, Confidence Interval, Box-Plot, Student's T Test and the Snedecor F Test were applied for analysis of means and variances. Results - The city presents a configuration of the urban network of the radiocentric type, in which all roads converge to the central region, characteristic of its historical formation, with expansion from the center to the periphery. In relation to the public transport system, there is a tendency to decrease the number of trips and a stabilization of the individual car and motorcycle fleet. Regarding the analysis of the urban network, through the results of the syntactic measures, the city presented an average NAIN of (Integration) 1.007 and an average NACH of (Choice) 0.911, which are higher than those found for the average of Brazilian cities, 0.867 and 0.901, respectively. Neighborhoods with an orthogonal shape had the best score, while neighborhoods with an organic shape showed better results with regard to walking within a 500m radius. The itinerary of the transport system correlates with the routes of greater integration and choose in an order of approximately 0.3. Conclusion - The Spatial Syntax method proved to be suitable for the medium-sized city and identified that 40% of the roads have a good integration and 54% offer good choices. The most peripheral areas, with low socioeconomic indices, are those with a less integrated configuration, with few options to choose from. It is possible to infer that the peripheral neighborhoods have a more restrictive feature regarding movement in the city, however, in the central regions, there is a pattern more favorable to the mobility of citizens who use individual transport.