Socioantropologia da pesca artesanal no rio Tapajós: regime de informação enquanto regime de vida em uma vila de pescadores no lago do Juá, Santarém (PA).

Abstract

This study addresses a community of artisanal fishermen located on the right side of the Tapajós River near the city of Santarém, in the west side of Para’s state. The locality where these fishermen reside and from which they reproduce their cultural ways of life is part of an environmental complex described in Law nº. 19.206 of December 28, 2012 that defines this area as the “Environmental Protection Area of Parque do Juá”. Although the law mentioned constitutes the intention of the competent bodies to order the occupation of the land, preserve the natural heritage and ensure the well-being of the human populations that live there, the observance of the study identified that the area, corresponding to 126.3465 ha, has suffered severe impacts due to abrupt socio-environmental transformations in the surroundings and in the Lake of Juá itself that constitutes the park. Such impacts as the silting of the lake, suppression of riparian forest, change in water temperature and impact on the reproduction of fish species, are related to many problems, among them, large deforestation in an irregular occupation in Permanent Preservation Areas, APPs of Juá and Tapajós River, construction of large real estate allotments, such as Residencial Cidade Jardim (Buriti Imóveis) and Residencial Salvação (Minha Casa, Minha Vida), and more broadly the sieges of a local economic policy tied to the demand for an infrastructure focused on grain disposal and subsidized by the multinational Cargill Agrícola S.A that interfere with the production and use of urban and rural territories in the municipality of Santarém. In the midst of this context of threat to the subsistence resources of the lake users, we saw the need to deepen the characterization of the resident population of Lake of Juá, through a systematic ethnographic study, that is, a long stay among the researched in order to record peculiar ways of knowing their environments, what we call information regimes while regimes of living. The methodology adopted is part of the theoretical perspective of fisheries socioanthropology, according to Diegues (1999a) a specific field of knowledge aimed at studying fish societies in Brazil in various contexts by collecting qualitative, quantitative and conflict analysis data. The result was the description of an extensive inventory of environmental procedures and traditional ecological knowledge that link a particular history of paths, walks, historical settlements and specific territorialities that configure a traditional way of life and what some authors have rehearsed to call ribeirinidade amazônica.