Uma análise discursiva dos modos de textualização do político em páginas de mídias tradicionais e alternativas do facebook

Abstract

In this research, in the light of the Pecheutian Discourse Analysis, we aim to understand how the political sense about the Presidential Election 2018 in Brazil is textualized discursively on traditional and alternative media pages on Facebook. Therefore, we mobilized, in the analysis of journalistic media pages, the notions of discursive place, discursive formation (DF) and subject positions, considering the modalities of the subject interpellation proposed by Pêcheux (1975 [2014]), namely: identification, counteridentification and disidentification. Specifically, we seek to: a) characterize how the discursive place of traditional and alternative media is defined in the selected pages profiles; b) analyze the subject positions and sense effects that the enunciating subjects and readers put on scene/confrontation when producing gestures of interpretation about political content on the selected pages; c) evaluate to what extent the subject positions and effects of meaning investigated relate to discursive places of traditional and alternative media. We have as corpus six pages of journalistic media, three belonging to traditional media (G1, UOL and Estadão) and three to alternative media (RevistaFórum, The Intercept Brasil and Brasil 247). In these pages, from the thematic trajectory of the democracy and dictatorship relationship we analyzed the discursive places of these profiles, as well as the space of posts and comments, through discursive clippings concerning the first and second round of elections, and the period after the election, having as a reference the period from September to December of 2018.In the analysis, we found that the traditional media subject occupies a place marked by the neutrality effect, materialized by senses of objectivity, universality and impartiality. Regarding the textualization of the political event of the election, in the three discursive traditional media (TM) clippings, we observed a movement of interpretation unfolded in the effects of stabilized democracy, of minimal tension between democracy and dictatorship and of maintenance of democracy. In the TM comments space, we noticed a heterogeneity of positions taken by the subject-readers, among them: i) counteridentification with the effect of stabilized democracy through the memory of the 2016 coup; ii) identification with the right-wing political position and iii)identification with the meanings of democracy as order, morality and religiosity, through the anti-corruption discourse. The alternative media subject occupies the discursive place dominated by militancy effect, materialized through senses of combat, denunciation and engagement. In discursive alternative media (AM) clippings, it was possible to observe the fabrication of an effect of an unstable democracy and of a wide tension between democracy, dictatorship and resistance. In the space of AM comments, many were the positions taken by internet users, such as: i) identification with the position of unstable democracy; ii) counter-identification with authoritarian senses from the fight against dictatorship and iii) identification with the resistance effect produced by the alternative media subject. In general, we found that, in the textualization of the political event of the 2018 election, the traditional media inscribes itself in a DF tending towards a consensus on democracy stability, while the alternative media, acts as a counterpoint and inscribes itself in a DF tending to dissent in relation to democratic stability, exposing meanings that have been silenced and attenuated in MT. With this work, we realized that the discursive practices of traditional and alternative media subjects were governed by ideology, causing the politician to be textualized on Facebook through a game between remembering and forgetting and between neutrality and militancy. The analyzed operations expose to the reader the confrontations of force and power relations that constitute our society and our history.