Matrizes de quitosana/gelatina para liberação controlada de etonogestrel.

Abstract

The use of contraceptive methods brought to society an undeniable advance to the woman, resulting in a modification of the female sexual vision, causing the onset of sexual activity to occur more and more precocious. However, failure to use contraceptive methods can lead to unwanted pregnancies, thus affecting maternal mortality rates, perinatal outcomes and socioeconomic deficits in the future of this new family. Among contraceptives with a lower failure rate are reversible long-term methods, highlighting etonogestrel subdermal implants, considered a highly effective drug and with rapid reversibility when withdrawn from the body. However, implants have their complications due to insertion and withdrawal which creates restrictions to the method. A long-term and less invasive drug delivery system is currently in use and is comprised of a biodegradable matrix. Knowing the characteristics of chitosan and gelatine as biodegradable biopolymer and that presents physico-chemical and biological properties for this type of application, this research had as objective the development of a biomaterial of chitosan and gelatine for the release of etonogestrel. The membrane-releasing drug delivery system was prepared by the solvent evaporation method, by dissolving the chitosan in 1% (v / v) acetic acid, gelatin being added in the proportions of 5 and 10% by mass chitosan, and subsequent incorporation of the drug. For neutralization, the membranes were submitted to an atmosphere of 2% (v / v) ammonium hydroxide for 48hs. All samples were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) / X-ray Dispersive Energy Spectroscopy (XRD), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Measurement Wettability contact angle, biodegradation, swelling and cytotoxicity. The MEV assay demonstrated that the drug incorporation occurred homogeneously. In the XRD, it was observed that after the addition of etonogestrel an increase in the crystallinity of the films occurred. The FTIR spectra showed that there was interaction between the Etonogestrel and the polymer matrix. Wettability indicated a hydrophilic character of the samples. In the analysis of biodegradation, it was observed that it is influenced by the concentration of gelatine and by the action of lysozyme. As to the degree of swelling, a greater increase of samples with drug was observed. As for the cytotoxicity assay all samples studied were feasible to be used as biomaterial. Therefore, it is concluded that the membranes present potential for use in the etonogestrel release system, with the use of biodegradable biomaterial with contraceptive action as a biodegradable biomaterial.