Levantamento dos impactos ambientais e proposta de recuperação da mata ciliar em um trecho do Rio Piranhas em Pombal-PB.

Abstract

Among the consequences of anthropic interventions, the main one to be considered is the destruction or alteration of the Riparian Forest. The present work aimed to elaborate a suggestion of recovery of suggestive ciliary forest for the implantation of techniques and recovery practices in a section of the Piranhas river in the municipality of Pombal - PB, which is in an advanced stage of degradation. The studied area is located in the municipality of Pombal, PB (06º 46 '13 "south latitude, 37º 48' 06" west longitude) and comprises the riparian forest of a section of the Piranhas river, located in the Medium Water Planning Unit Piranhas Paraibano. The methodology used was the bibliographic collection, on-site visit, photographic records, semi-structured interview with residents in the region, as well as image interpretation and geo-referencing to describe the general situation of the study area. According to information reported by residents living close to the area and in surrounding regions, the ciliary forest had its original vegetal characteristics, typical of the Caatinga biome, the soil was highly degraded, altering soil conservation conditions and consequently the quality of the soil. Anthropic action has been present for a long time in the area of study and these interventions happen more precisely in activities such as agriculture and livestock. The activities developed around the riparian forest have intensified their degradation, such as livestock and agriculture, the use of natural resources near ciliary forest is very intense, because the area is located in the Piranhas Açu River, a river intermittent in natural conditions, being Currently perennialized by the Coremas weir, the ciliary forest presented its original vegetal characteristics, and as a consequence of several factors it was degraded over time. Agricultural activities and intense agriculture in the study area favored the degradation, by the georeferencing of the area, it was noticed that the vegetal cover is almost non-existent, before the area had a vegetation cover, typical of a ciliary forest of the caatinga biome, presented a variety Of plant and animal species. 21 environmental impacts were identified in the area, of which 12 were classified as significant and 09 as non-significant. The types of degradation identified in the area were a reduction in the volume of water resources, animal and plant biodiversity, alteration in the natural channel of the river, accelerated erosion, sedimentation of water bodies, air pollution, reduction of soil fertility, soil compaction, Of exotic plant species. Given the circumstances that the area is in, several measures were proposed to recover the undesirable effects of degradation, ensuring the preservation of PPPs, according to Law n. 12,651, of May 25, 2012, and with the technical, social, economic and ecological aspects.