Modernização e crise no setor sucroalcooleiro da Paraíba, 1970-1997.

Abstract

n the beginning of the '70 years, supported by state, the canavieiro-sucro-alcooleiro complex of the country passed by one process of modernization ample. The confluence of world crisis of the petroleum in 1973 and subsequently the world crisis of sugar industry, in 1974, they carried the government give priority for the carburetant alcohol production, establishing of Proálcool in 1975 and incentiving the installation and modernization of the autonomous distillery and annexd by the usinas. In 1979 with the second shoch of the petroleum, passed by the installation of the autonomous distillery, occuring a new modernize wave. This wave will extend as far as middle of 1985/86, summit of program. In spite of modernization, the sector in the North-East still characterize for a low productivity, bringing as consequence a low competetivity in relation in the Center-South and the dependence of the complex canavieiro of the subsidies state industries The hypothesis raise up is that modernization of the sector doesn't gave itself of plane form, being the low productivety in the agricultural sector. The objective of the investigation was analyse the question of the permanece of the low productivity and actual crisis of sector of the Paraíba state. Informations went collected through the aphcation of questionnaires and interviews with industries and agricultural manager, among others, in 3 usinas and 5 distilleries, as too we visited 3 usinas halt; we visited some industries establishment, we have know the installations each one enterprise. We had raised and we had analysed secondary datas through the ASPLAN, SrNDÁLCOOL, IBGE, and other works about sector. We can observe that autonomous distilleries, in their majority, they have used technical modem stone, in their installations and the information and automation in some sector of the productions. Some distilleries have diversified their activities, producing beyond automative alcohol, refined, alcohol (neuter) to the industries of the drinks, cosmetics, pharmatics and perfumery, being in greater volume export. The alcoholary industry has ration its activities through the greater use of the subproducts of the cane, as the husks of the cane, Its re-utilizetion and selling to the other usinas and selling eletric energy to local enterprise; production and utilizetion of yeast in the fermentation process. The usinas has introduced and archaic technical stone, in their installations and in their equipment, with little change, being the industry park scrapiron. In the agricultural sector exist the utilization of modem equipment in some activities, the utilization of chemical insumos and of variety of cane with great tenor of sacarose, other adapt in the soil and climate or resistant for the pest, as soon as innovation in the production of the activities of cultivate of the cane. However, the sector need already of the use of varieties of cane that congregate only one variety three qualities above to analyse. In oposite, we have the conditions edafo-climatic no favourable to the activity, don't possible majority level of productivity, even with use intensive of modem chimical insumos, decreasing the costs. In the end, we have that even race racionalization of the production process and modernization of the sector in geral, haven't an answer satisfactory in productivité term. The distillery while diversified its production and modernized, in the usina didn't happen, starting archaic and filling the greater reflex of the crisis, with the sucessive close. The fait of subsidies, the relation cost/price of the sugar don't compensate associady low productivity, with evolution of the run into dept and the cort in the credit, or when exist, interest up, it has idiviual the activity sugar in the state. The alcoholery sector has attennated the crisis than as diversification of the production, rationalty in the productive and modernization process.