Capacidade quântica de sigilo erro-zero e informação acessível erro-zero de fontes quânticas.

Abstract

Quantum Information Theory is a research area that investigates the limits of information processing and transmission considering the laws of Quantum Mechanics. The translation of concepts from Classical Information Theory is a widely known approach to contribute to Quantum Information Theory. Thanks to that, the Quantum Zero-Error Information Theory was proposed. This theory investigates the use and the conditions for classical information exchange through noisy quantum channels without decoding errors. Despite the recent developments, it wasidentified that the knowledge about its potentialities, limitations and applications is still incipient. In the attempt to minimize this problem, this thesis presents two new concepts related to the Quantum Zero-Error Information Theory: (i) the quantum zero-error secrecy capacity; and the (ii) zero-error quantum accessible information. Regarding the first contribution, there is the establishment of the required conditions to send information through quantum channels without decoding errors and with perfect secrecy. This proposal identifies a new capacity of quantum channels, enlightens its relation with Graph Theory, and shows the situations where this capacity has single-letter characterization. Regarding the second contribution, there is the proposal of a quantum information measurement which quantifies the error-free decoding ability of a quantum source. Obtaining such measurement is a problem equivalent to the one of determining the zero-erro capacity of an equivalent classical channel and for which there is no counterpart in Classical Zero-Error Information Theory. The concepts proposed collaborate to Quantum Zero-Error Information Theory in theoretical and practical ways, since it is possible to implement both of them using current technology. Moreover, intersections with Cryptography, Graph Theory and Computer Science were identified. These concepts contribute straightforwardly to the resolution of a challenge of Quantum Information Theory which is the determination of the limits for the tasks of information processing that can be accomplished considering the use of Quantum Mechanics.