Estudo de métodos de estimação de posição e velocidade de máquina síncrona a ímã permanente a partir de sensores de efeito hall digitais.

Abstract

Nowadays, the demand for systems with better energy eiciency and that cause less damage to the environment has been increasing and becoming more necessary. The permanent magnet synchronous machines have been shown to be a good alternative in energy conversion applications due to its high power density, ease of maintenance, high eiciency and good dynamic behavior. These machines can be either Brushless DC Motor (BLDC) or Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM). The PMSM machines have some advantages compared to BLDC such as smoother torque, improved dynamic performance, lower harmonic content and greater eiciency. However its drive demands the use of highresolution position sensors, which are expensive, have bigger weight, and demand greater complexity in the mechanical coupling. An alternative to these sensors is the position encoder obtained by grouping three Hall efect sensors installed at 120 degrees electrical timing, providing accurate measures of angular position every 60 electrical degrees, together with position and velocity estimation strategies. Four position and speed estimation methods using signals generated by digital Hall efect sensors have been implemented and evaluated in this work by simulations in the MATLAB environment in a perspective of use in electric drives performed by Ąxed-point microcontrollers . The methods were subjected to diferent application scenarios with sensitivity analysis of parameters.