Eficiência fotovoltaica: um estudo da evolução.

Abstract

The electricity generation from renewable sources is increasing considerably each year, particularly photovoltaic solar energy. Smallest element of the photovoltaic system, photovoltaic solar cell, is responsible for transforming the sun's energy into electricity. However, not all the incident solar radiation in the cell will contribute to the generation of an electric current. Therefore, this paper aims to present some factors that influence the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell, assuming, structure and functioning of the cell to the external elements that do not contribute to the conversion. However, the approach is systemic, a multidisciplinary approach, through studies on the establishment of the photovoltaic cell and evolutionary analysis of the efficiency of some technologies. Through a detailed study on the efficiencies of solar cells over 40 years, it is clear that the efficiency of the used photovoltaic cells, monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline, hardly changed in the last 20 years. However, the efficiency of multijunção and emerging cells are cells growing linearly every year. But the level of technological difficulty, you can not produce them on a large scale in the short term.