Análise comparativa de metodologias de migração do mercado cativo para o mercado livre de energia elétrica.

Abstract

The Brazilian Electricity Sector (Setor Elétrico Brasileiro, or SEB) was the scene of important changes throughout the 20th century, culminating in its opening for free trade in 1995, a result of the institutional crisis that occurred in the early 1990's. Facing a long transition process, this scenario of free competition boosted what would after be called Project of Restructuration of the Brazilian Electricity Sector (Projeto de Reestruturação do Setor Elétrico Brasileiro, or RE-SEB), launched by the Federal Government with the objective of uniting public and private capital in the same commercialization environment. In this new scenario economic reform, new attributions to institutional agents were reformulated and new economic agents emerged, as well as a new organization of the energy market, now in two contracting environments – regulated and free – allied to the short-term market. These environments involve a variety of taxes and contract transactions, which include the rights and duties of each SEB agent as well as clarify the risks and opportunities that the agents have in each environment. In this light, this work aims to present the current structure of the SEB, including its agents and physical structure of the electric system administered by it; and specifically to present how the commercialization of electric energy in Brazil is formed, from its contracting environments, transactions and associated costs, to the risks and opportunities to migrate between the environments. Once the procedures for the free and regulated environment (captive) of energy are known, a comparative analysis of three methodologies proposed in studies of migration from the captive consumer to the free market as a special consumer have been constructed, in order to find the methodology that satisfies the most the criteria considered relevant to a conscious, positive and secure migration.