GOMES, A. S.; GOMES, Andréia da Silva.
Résumé:
The semiarid region of northeastern Brazil has long been recognized as an area
highly vulnerable to the cyclical natural phenomenon of drought. Therefore, the scarcity
of water in the semiarid is not new. Many of the rural families living in this region face a
high degree of social risk, triggered by a lack of clean water for their most basic needs.
Although the focus of the work is the semiarid, it is known that the world is currently
facing a growing reduction in the supply of fresh water and drinking water. One solution
found to overcome this situation is the solar desalination of the waters found in the
region's wells. This distillation technique removes all salts present in a volume of water,
transforming salt water into pure water. The present work proposed to present low cost
solar desalination models, so the proposed models range from the most basic to the most
complete one. The models presented that use electrical equipment to increase their
production, are low consumption, 500W of power, their power is supplied by photovoltaic
panels and wind turbines that convert the available energy sources in the semiarid into
electricity for pure water production. That is, the proposed desalination plants can be
considered self-sustaining, since salt water taken from the semiarid subsoil can be
converted into pure water, with the help of electricity converted from solar radiation and
the speed of winds available in the region.
