Estudo da durabilidade de argamassas utilizando cinzas e casca de arroz.

Abstract

Brazil is one of the greatest producers of grain in the world, especially in rice. With the industrialization of this product great amount of waste (husk) is generate and cause environmental problems, by the inadequate discharge in the environment and by the long time to deteriorate. The incorporation of this industrial residue as components to civil construction, as concrete and mortars, is one of the possible solutions to use this pollutants sub products and this is in agreement with the sustainable principle. The aim of this work is to study the durability of the conventional and alternative mortars incorporated with husk rice ash residue by substituting part of the agglomerate and rice husk substituting small aggregate. The durability was study by the accelerate weathering (by wetting and drying cycles). Firstly it was done a physical, chemical and mineralogical characterization of the conventional and alternatives raw materials by the following techniques: particle size by sieving and laser diffraction, surface area, specific mass, chemical analysis, X-rays diffraction, differential thermal analysis and gravimetry. The pozzolanic activity was measured according to the BNT NBR 12653(1997) norm. To evaluate the durability by the accelerate weathering (wetting and drying cycles) it was made body sample with conventional and alternative mortars with traces of 1:4; 1:6 e 1:8 incorporated with 3%, 6%, 9%,15%, 20% and 30% of ash rice husk residue in substitution of agglomerate and 10%, 20% and 30% of rice husk in substitution to small aggregate, for cure period of 28, 63, 91, 180 and 360 days. The physical and mechanical properties were: water absorption, apparent density,mechanical resistance and mass loss. The results of the conventional (cement and small aggregate) and alternative (ash and husk rice) raw materials characterization are in the standard values established by ABNT norms, indicating surface area and amount of fine particles of the husk rice ash are superior to the cement used. The results put in evidence that the husk rice ash is predominantly amorphous and has high pozzolanicity according to the specifications of the ABNT. This makes possible the use of this ash in concrete and mortars due to the great amount of fine particles. In relation to the mechanical properties, the results shown values superior to the body samples incorporated with husk rice in relation to the conventional even when exposed to the accelerate weathering. To the body samples incorporated with husk rice presented values according to the ABNT specifications and inferior to the conventional ones. It was concluded that the use of these residues are technical viable once did not present influence in the durability and also is an ecological correct action.