Obtenção de extratos de folhas de mastruz (Chenopodium ambrosioides L.): estudo experimental e otimização do processo.

Abstract

The mastruz (C. ambrosioides L.) is a well-known plant in Brazil, widely used by the population and is listed on RENISUS - National List of Medicinal Plants of Interest to the Unified Health System. The present study aimed to study and characterize the mastruz leaves in natura and the dry leaves; evaluate the effects of the extraction method, temperature and type of solvent on the yield and drying of extracts from the mastruz leaves; obtain dry extract by concentration in a rotary evaporator and room drying, with an evaluation of the total tannin content, to increase the plant's phytotherapic capacity. The work was divided into two chapters, where chapter one addresses the process for obtaining concentrated extracts of the mastruz leaves obtained in the experimental conditions studied in a rotary evaporator, and the other addresses the physical-chemical and total tannin properties of the leaves in nature, dry leaves, extraction using organic solvents using different techniques with analysis of yields and tannin contents, obtaining and characterizing dry powder extract obtained by drying in freeze dryer. The raw powder obtained by concentration in a rotary evaporator showed good yield (77.08%), low water content (6.0%), high solubility (64.0%), good fluidity and stability and high concentration of tannins (81,36 mg/g). Fresh leaves (57.24 mg/g) and dry leaves (84.18 mg/g) concentrated the total tannins well. The extracts with organic solvents showed significant values of global yield (4.0 to 37.3%) and tannin levels (0.700 to 2.228 mg/g). The static maceration technique had a greater effect on yield, and the infusion technique was the most efficient in concentrating total tannins. The highest yields, tannins and solids were found in the extracts using water, methanol and ethanol as solvents. The lyophilized mastruz extract powder showed an excellent yield (88%), low water content (8.1%), good fluidity and intermediate cohesiveness, thus showing that the techniques used are appropriate for drying the leaves under study. The results obtained demonstrate that the drying process by the studied techniques can be an attractive and promising alternative for the development of standardized intermediate products of C. ambrosioides. Given the above, it was concluded that the objectives set were achieved, having obtained a final product with its characteristics preserved and concentrated. This product is of good quality to meet the requirements of the herbal medicine industry.