FREITAS, B. G.; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0947516666751207; FREITAS, Beatriz Gomes de.
Resumo:
Success in preventing and decreasing pressure injuries depends on knowledge of the
predisposing factors and the skill of the health team, especially the nursing team that
provides direct assistance to patients individually. Therefore, this study aimed to
identify scientific evidence available in the literature about the risk factors for the
emergence of pressure injuries in bedridden elderly and to present nursing care aimed at
preventing them. The present study is an integrative literature review which aims to
construct an analysis of the scientific bibliography. The search for indexed publications
took place in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature and
Health Sciences (LILACS); Scientific Electronic Library Online Library (SciELO);
Nursing Database (BDENF) and MEDLINE / PUBMED. Two search strategies were
used that resulted in 131 studies to be included or not for the final sample. During the
selection of the studies, an instrument adapted from the Critical Apppraisal Skills
Program (CASP) was used for the methodological rigor assessment, resulting in a
sample end of 12 studies. To obtain the data, a data collection instrument constructed
and validated by Ursi was used and for the assessment of the level of evidence, the
hierarchical classification was used by the methodological approach adopted by
Stillwell. Most studies have shown as risk factors for the development of pressure
injuries: advanced age; chronic non-communicable diseases; immobility or restricted
mobility; even lying in bed for more than two hours and folds in the bedding, which
leave marks on the body; change in the skin; continuous use of medications; changes in
the Body Mass Index (BMI); inadequate nutrition; incontinence; excess moisture;
commitment to activities of daily living; presence of friction and shear and; limited
sensory perception. Regarding preventive measures, the following stood out: hygienic-
dietary; change of position, every two hours according to the schedule of hours; use of
pressure relief surfaces; inspection, cleaning and moisturizing the skin; protect and not
massage bone prominences; transferring the elderly from one place to another, raising
them and not dragging them; elevating the individual's ankle; as well as the use of
protocols and scales, such as the Braden scale and the Waterlow scale, in conjunction
with the Nursing Care Systematization. The study allowed the identification of risk
factors for pressure injuries in bedridden elderly and the main nursing care evidenced in
the literature. In addition, it is clear that the work performed by health professionals is
essential for better health care and for the implementation of preventive measures