A realidade das cesarianas no Brasil: reflexões acerca de duas décadas de registros.

Abstract

The act of giving birth was originally a solitary event. Over the years and technological advances have been carried out with greater prevalence in the hospital environment by specialized professionals. Due to the high rate of cesarean deliveries in the country, there was a need to know the reality that leads to this prevalence, as well as the characteristic groups in this adherence. Objectives: to carry out a historical analysis of the last 20 years and the correlation with maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Methodology: ecological study addressing the sample population of pregnant women and babies with data collected, in November 2020, through DATASUS and SINASC, and a descriptive-quantitative approach from the years 1998 to 2018. Exempted from the approval of the Research Ethics Committee with Human beings due to the fact that the data were obtained from public databases. Results: the cesarean section rate had its lowest rate in 1999 with 37%, raising the numbers in subsequent years reaching the high rate in 2013 and 2014 with 57%. The highest maternal mortality rate was registered in 1998 and that during the following years there were fluctuations, however the level did not reach the year mentioned. As for neonatal mortality, the highest rate was observed in 2017, in which the cause of death came from respiratory complications acquired during childbirth. Conclusion: in this way, the present study can contribute positively by exposing and analyzing data on the rates of delivery and probable associated causes. Actions in health and continuing education are important to mitigate the risks of the procedure.