Avaliação da poluição difusa em trechos fluviais urbanos nos municípios de São João do Cariri e Sumé, Estado da Paraíba.

Abstract

In the brazilian semiarid zone, one of the challenges of integrated water resources management is to provide the water supply with adequate quality for a given use, knowing the increase in the discharge of point and diffuse pollution loads in water sources, associated with the increase in the population growth rate and the risk of water scarcity. The present work aimed to evaluate diffuse pollution by analyzing raw water parameters in two streams of intermittent alluvial rivers Taperoá and Sucurú, located in sub-basins of the high course of the Paraíba river basin. Field visits were made to select the collection points for raw water samples and to identify point and diffuse sources of pollution, upstream, in situ and downstream of urban centers in the cities of São João do Cariri and Sumé, state of Paraíba, in addition to physicalchemical analysis of the water, for comparison with data obtained by the BRAMAR project, in the irrigated perimeter of Sumé, in the period from 2015 to 2018. The results obtained through the analysis of the raw water quality parameters, in wells in the subbasin, allowed to confirm the effect of punctual and diffuse pollution generated by regular and clandestine productive enterprises, such as poultry and cattle slaughterhouses, agricultural areas and use for low-income livestock, associated with the environmental impacts of the use and occupation of unplanned land, in addition to significant changes in relation to the maximum permitted values recommended in the relevant legislation. The raw water present in the alluvial aquifers of the sub-basins of the Sucurú and Taperoá rivers, can only be used safely, obeying the provisions of CONAMA Resolution nº 357/2005, for less demanding uses, since the compliance with the parameters for less restrictive classes, it can make its application technically and economically unfeasible by local managers, without previously implemented appropriate waste treatment actions, considering the new legal framework for brazilian sanitation, inspection and environmental education.