Otimização de elementos de contraventamento de um galpão usando o particle swarm optimization.

Abstract

Currently, it is required that the solutions provided for in structural projects, fulfill their purpose of strength and durability, and adequate performance in service, but also be efficient, innovative, which transmit more security while reducing the costs of the enterprise. As a result, optimization in structural engineering has become an increasingly studied subject, gaining viability due to the development and evolution of numerical methods, such as the Finite Element Method, which greatly improves the accuracy of structural analyses, and heuristic optimization methods, such as Particle Swarm Optimization - PSO, which enables the testing of various conditions and parameter variations that seek to find the point of best performance of the structure. Thus, observing the importance of the brace elements for the overall stability of a building, since this system combats and reduces the effects generated by the horizontal actions of the structure. Thus, observing the importance of the brace elements for the overall stability of a building, since this system combats and reduces the effects generated by the horizontal actions of the structure, this work aims to optimize the brace of a shed, seeking the optimal combination of the diameters of the bars in the way that remains unchanged the initial volume of steel destined to this system , but the lateral displacement of the structure is reduced. To achieve this goal, an algorithm will be developed in the MATLAB software environment to add the vertical brace to the shed structure, and application of the PSO optimization algorithm, which is contained in your toolbox. The structural analysis will be done through the PROGRAM MASTAN2, which works in conjunction with MATLAB, facilitating the processing of data. Finally, this methodology was applied to two sheds of different sizes, one with 3 spans and the other with 5 spans, and it was noticed that the optimization reached good results with significant reductions in horizontal maximum displacements, with a reduction between 18% and 22%, which contributes greatly to the dimensioning of structures and more rational use of materials.