Eficiência energética ambiental na produção de etanol no setor sucroalcooleiro da Paraíba

Abstract

The National Biofuels Policy was established by Law No. 13.576, of December 26, 2017, aiming to comply with the goals of mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the energy sector, the expansion of the production of biofuels and the creation of a new carbon credit market. Among biofuels, sugarcane ethanol emerges as one of the most relevant products to replace fossil fossils and one of the most indicated to be used in the transport sector because it is ecologically adequate. However, it is perceived that its production and processing result in environmental impacts during its life cycle. So, the present study was carried out aiming to analyze the emission of carbon dioxide and the parameters for the emission of Decarbonization Credits (CBIOs) in the production of the sugarcane ethanol biofuel in the sugar and alcohol sector of Paraíba, through the National Policy Biofuels (RenovaBio) and its RenovaCalc tool. The methodological tool, RenovaCalc, is based on life cycle analysis (LCA), and calculates the carbon intensity (CI) of the sugarcane ethanol biofuel, generating the energy-environmental efficiency score (NEEA) , which are fundamental criteria for biofuel certification, and be able to calculate parameters and issue decarbonization credits to be traded on the market. The tool was applied to the sugar-ethanol sector in Paraíba with data from the harvest (2019/20) attributing the default production profile mode in the tool. The results obtained validate the study model and demonstrate the effective potential for growth and, together, the reduction of CO2 losses of the biofuel ethanol from Paraíba, compared to gasoline. Still, an idealization of a new model for credit trading through CBIOs tends to be an excellent differential for a new panorama of growth and development of the national sugar-ethanol sector, especially in Paraíba. This study was the first to analyze and apply a life cycle analysis tool, RenovaCalc, to the sugarcane ethanol biofuel in the state scenario applied in the sugar-ethanol sector of Paraíba, harvest (2019/20).