Perfil de resistência antimicrobiana de bactérias isoladas de ovos de galinhas caipiras (Gallus gallus domesticus) no Semiárido do Nordeste do Brasil e sua implicação em saúde única.

Abstract

Free-range chicken raisin is a widespread activity in the Northeast of Brazil, especially on family farms. However, the absence of an official program in Brazil to monitor the sanitary quality of free-range chicken products, specifically eggs, raises public health concerns since bacterial agents can be transmitted through the consumption of eggs as well as such agents may be carriers of antimicrobial resistance genes. Thus, the objectives of this work were to isolate and identify microorganisms from free-range chicken eggs from free markets in the Brazilian semiarid region, and to characterize the profile and identify antimicrobial resistance genes of the isolates. A total of 128 eggs from free-range chickens sold in the Brazilian semi-arid region from August 2018 to April 2019 were used, of which 40 (31.3%) showed bacterial growth, with 18 bacteria (45%) being Grampositive and 22 (55%) ) Gram-negative. The isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus spp. (27.5%), Bacillus spp. (15%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.5%), Klebsiella spp. (7.5%), Salmonella spp. (7.5%), Proteus mirabilis (7.5%), Citrobacter spp. (7.5%), Escherichia coli (7.5%), Providencia spp. (5%), Corynebacterium spp. (2.5%), Enterobacter spp. (2.5%) and Alcaligens spp. (2.5%). There was bacterial growth in 10 (7.8%) albums and 38 (29.7%) egg yolks (P <0.001). The antimicrobials that showed the highest resistance rates were amoxicillin + ac. clavulanic (77.3%), ampicillin (95.5%), cephalexin (68.2%), cephalothin (72.7%), nalidixic acid (72.7%), ertapinem (59.1%) and imipinem (63.3%). Of the 22 Gram-negative bacteria isolates 12 were positive in the phenotypic test for extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), and CTX-M genes were detected in four isolates, with the blaCTX-M2-like group identified in one isolate (Klebsiella spp.) and blaCTX-M8-like in three (Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp. and Citrobacter spp.). We conclude that the emergence and spread of CTX-Mproducing bacteria in free-range chicken eggs warns of the possible diffusion of resistance genes at the human - animal - environmental interface.