Aplicação da Lei nº 12.305/10 como instrumento de proteção ambiental e inclusão social de catadores de materiais recicláveis na Paraíba.

Abstract

The generation of solid waste is one of the most complex problems of the present time, because when not treated properly generate negative environmental, economic and social impacts, such as the contamination of natural resources, the excessive amount of materials with economic value Waste and the social and professional exclusion of recyclable waste collectors. In the midst of this issue, the National Solid Waste Policy - PNRS, established by Law 12,305 / 10, aims to promote the integrated management of these materials by including collectors of recyclable materials. In Paraíba, there are 10,445 people who withdraw their livelihood from the collection of solid waste and contribute to the improvement of the environment. In this way, this work had as objective to analyze the application of the PNRS, regarding the protection of the natural resources, the valorization of the professional exercise and the socioeconomic inclusion of collectors of organized recyclable materials. The exploratory qualitative research was carried out in three cities of Paraíba: Cajazeiras, Campina Grande and João Pessoa, from January 2015 to May 2017. The procedure method used was the hermeneutic-systemic.Participants included 171 social actors, distributed among members of civil society, representatives of institutions Public, private and three associations of recyclable waste collectors. During the study it was found that the work carried out by associations of collectors of recyclable materials contributes monthly to the collection of 77 tons of recyclable materials, avoiding the transformation of these materials into trash and favoring the sustenance of their families. The correct disposal and disposal of these tons of recyclable materials shows the importance of these professionals for environmental management, especially solid waste. However, the Government's lack of priority in elaborating and executing actions aimed at the integrated management of solid wastes, as determined by Law 12,305 / 10, aggravates the working conditions of these professionals and increases the pressure for new natural resources. Observing compliance with Law 12,305 / 2010, it was verified that among the municipalities surveyed, Cajazeiras, even counting on the municipal solid waste plan, was the one that was least adequate to the provisions set forth in the aforementioned law. The targets were not reached, such as the implementation of the selective collection and the replacement of the deactivation of the landfill and construction of the landfill. Campina Grande and João Pessoa are developing actions to comply with the guidelines, goals and strategies established in their respective integrated solid waste management plans, among which are the implementation of the selective collection and socioeconomic inclusion of the collectors of recyclable materials. However, the actions are still fragile and do not express compliance with the Law under analysis. Therefore, in the municipalities evaluated in the state of Paraíba, the National Solid Waste Policy, instituted by Law 12,305 / 10, has not yet fulfilled the purpose of guaranteeing environmental protection, professional valuation and socioeconomic inclusion of waste pickers. To do so, it requires the overcoming of different challenges, such as the understanding by solid waste generators of the principle of shared responsibility, the selective collection at source and the valorization of the professional practice of the collector of recyclable material. It is the task of public managers to achieve the objectives for integrated solid waste management and the understanding that investments in this area will provide effective gains to environmental and human health.