Atividade catalítica em sistemas homogêneos e heterogêneos na produção de biodiesel utilizando a reação de transesterificação a partir do óleo de soja.

Abstract

With world-wide the energy crisis and the heating of the planet Land, the search for alternative, clean, biodegradable fuels became interesting, renewed and with lesser costs in its production in relation to the oil diesel, where this alternative fuel is called biodiesel. This dissertation has as objective main to evaluate and to develop the process of transesterification with aids of heterogeneous catalysts of type MCM - 41 of vegetal oil of soy in the attainment of biodiesel. For this, it was necessary to synthesize and to characterize catalysts MCM - 41, to impregnate different molybdenum oxide percentages on the support of the MCM-41, to analyze the efficiency of the processes of transesterification of biodiesel for the homogeneous and heterogeneous route and finally to characterize the oil of soy and biodiesel. The results had shown that a phase of the MCM-41 was gotten synthesize after DRX analysis proves the maintenance of phase of the MCM-41, after the calcinations increased the intensity in the DRX indicating a bigger ordinance of the MCM-41; The ordinance of the MCM-41 was kept after the calcinations and the physical mixture with the Molybdenum (Me) through the MET; Biodiesel in the homogeneous route with the reaction of transesterification from the soy oil was gotten and using the et synthesize etilic alcohol with the NaOH catalysts a convertion of 60.89%, with the specifications in accordance with the norms of the ANP; Biodiesel was gotten using the heterogeneous catalysts MCM-41, 5%MoMCM-41, 10%MoMCM-41 and 15%MoMCM-41 with superior incomes of the gotten one for the o I oxidation finally of niobium and the catalysts MCM-41, 5%MoMCM-41 had approximately presented conversions in the production of biodiesel 96% and 49% respectively inferiors the acid zeolites.