Toxicidade oral de inseticidas derivados do Nim sobre a abelha africanizada Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: apidae).

Abstract

The Honey bee Apis mellifera L. is essential for the pollination of diverse crops of agricultural importance in the world. The neem (Azadirachta indica) for its insecticidal effect, researchers are studying this relationship with the decline of pollinators in the ecosystem. Therefore, the objective of the work was to evaluate the oral toxicity of insecticides derived from neem on the Africanized bee A. mellifera under laboratory conditions. The bioassay was carried out in a completely randomized design composed of eight treatments Absolute control - distilled water; Positive control - Actara® (Tiametoxam) (600 g), commercial neem oil dose 1 (150 ml) and dose 2 (200 ml), extract of neem leaves dose 1 (5 g) and dose 2 (10 g), neem seed extract dose 1 (5 g) and dose 2 (10 g), containing 10 replicates, each experimental unit being formed by 10 adult worker bees of A. mellifera. Among neem derivatives, the highest mortality was observed for the doses of commercial oil (Azamax), which caused 20.0% and 25.9% mortality for the lowest and highest dose used, respectively. The extracts of the seeds and leaves caused mortality rates below 15% for all doses, being statistically equal and little toxic to adult bees. Regardless of the concentration evaluated, the neem derivatives were not very toxic to adult workers of the Africanized bee A. mellifera via ingestion. The aqueous extracts of neem leaves and seeds caused the lowest percentages of bee mortality and presented the TL50 closest to the absolute control.