Um breve estudo sobre cosmologia inflacionária de grandes campos.

Abstract

Cosmology is dedicated to the study of the universe, which combined with a solid mathematical basis and observations made by powerful satellites, such as WMAP, COBE, PLANCK left the purely theoretical field and gained space as one of the branches of physics of great interest today. The most accepted theory to explain how the cosmos came about is the Theory of the Hot Big Bang, which assumes that everything started in a super-hot and super-dense state. Through a bibliographic review we studied some themes in cosmology. We start with Einstein's gravitational field equations, combined with a review of tensors and the static universe model created by Einstein and De Sitter. We also conducted a review of Friedmann - Robertson - Walker equations that lead to a dynamic universe. We also discuss the Standard Cosmological Model, which is based on the cosmological principle that assumes that the universe is, on a large scale, homogeneous and isotropic. However, the Hot Big Bang theory presents some problems when it tries to explain what conditions were present at the beginning of the universe. As a result, some theories have emerged that are dedicated to solving these problems, one of which is the inflationary theory. In this work we dedicate ourselves to study the inflationary theory and some models of simple potentials, which are proposed for the solution of the standard cosmological model.