Deficiências/incapacidades/físicas decorrentes da hanseníase: revisão integrativa.

Abstract

The leprosy is a millennial disease, infectious contagious and chronic evolution, that has as etiologic agent the bacillus alcohol­acid Mycobacterium leprae, which has affinity for skin and peripheral nerves. Is responsible by the magnitude of the incapacitating potential that is aggravated by the late diagnosis and inappropriate treatment, besides the occurrence of neuritis, becoming the hanseniasisan important public health problem, with a great epidemiological and social relevance. The objective of this work was verify the physical disabilities/incapacities more frequent resulting from leprosy. His study is a bibliographic research developed by the method of Integrative Review in the databases of Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sistem On­line (MEDLINE), the Latin American and Caribbean Health (LILACS) and Nursing Database (BDENF), trough Health Virtual Library. The inclusion criteria were: articles that identify de physical disabilities and incapacities more frequent resulting from leprosy, in portuguese, english and spanish idiom available online in their entirety and without temporal delimitation. The exclusion criteria was repeated articles in the databases utilized, theses and dissertations. The descriptors used for elaboration of this study was: Hanseníase OR Leprosy OR Lepra AND Pessoas com Deficiência OR Disabled Persons OR Personas con Discapacidad AND Epidemiologia OR Epidemiology OR Epidemiología, which are inserted in the Health Descriptores of Science (DeCS). The four articles selected was appreciated and analyzed critically.The studies showed significant population samples and methods that allowed to classify the articles as studies with good evidence level. The study’s results showed that the disabilities more commoninthelowerlimb was, loss of sensation, bone resorption, drop foot, amputee member and plantar ulcer; in the upper limb, loss of sensibility, bone resorption, ulnar claws, fallen hand and amputee. In the eyes ciliar madarosis, visual acuity reduced, absence of corneal sensitivity, lagophthalmus and blindness; in the nose, the drying up of the nasal mucous, nasal obstruction and collapse of the nasal pyramid. Knowing the impact of the physical disabilities and incapacities resulting from leprosy exert in the life quality of individuals and their relatives, validates the importance routine monitoring, sequential and carefully of the patients, the utilization of educational measures, preventive, curatives and rehab associated to one thorough assessment in the eyes, nose, hands and feet, which contributes in reducing the high prevalence of disabilities.