Autocuidado e prevenção do pé diabético: uma revisão integrativa da literatura.

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases, being a major cause of morbidity and mortality, involving some complications, leaving the patient vulnerable to complications affecting the physical, social, psychological aspects. Thus, it is essential to pay special attention to the commitment o f health professionals, especially nurses, so there is a control and effective treatment of this chronic disease that grows in long range especially in developing countries because of the lifestyle adopted by the population. OBJECTIVE: To identify the efficacy guidance given by nurses for self-care in the control and prevention of diabetic individuais with Diabetes Mellitus foot. METHODOLOGY: This is an integrative literature review on the Virtual Health Library, in the SciELO and LILACS databases, making use of the descriptors "education diabetic foot" and "type 2 diabetes". The following inclusion críteria were used to select articles: texts in Portuguese and Spanish, in full, that focus on diabetes mellitus type 2, diabetic foot education, quality o f life in patients with DM after amputations in the period 2009-2013 without access fee. Articles witb incomplete texts and restricted access were part of the exclusion criteria. RESULTS: The technique of thematic content analysis was used to analyze the empirical material. The study consísts of a complete sample of 27 articles, 26 published in Portuguese and one in Spanish language, available in the database mentioned above. Showed that the year 2013 was presented the largest quantity of published articles (28%) and the quantitative method was more the type o f publication in the sample ( 44% ). The area o f training o f most predominant authors in articles was nursing (86%). From the analysis of the material emerged three categories: "Educational interventions of nursing for self-care of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus", "Knowledge and behavior of individuais with type 2 diabetes about diabetic foot" and "Quality o f life o f patients with injuries and I o r lower extremity amputation. "We conclude that the issue is of paramount importance to the health care team, especially nurses, as is the professional most directly I ínked to the care o f this patient and his conduct can provi de a better quality of life for patients.