Processamento de amêndoas de coco catolé (Syagrus oleracea Mart) para extração de óleo comestível : degradação dos componentes graxos em função da temperatura de fritura.

Abstract

This research was conducted with the objective of analyzing the lipid composition of catole coconut oil (Syagrus oleracea Mart.) with regard to the fatty acid profile, oil identity and possible variations resulting from thermal degradation. For this purpose the following procedures were performed: chemical and physico-chemical characterization of almond; drying (pre-extraction) at temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C; drying kinetics in these temperatures, applying Page, Henderson & Pabis, Lewis, Wang & Singh e Midilli et al. models; extraction of catole coconut oil of fresh almond and coming from 4 levels of drying; physicochemical characterization of oil (water content, acid value, peroxide value, refractive index, saponification number, iodine number and density), according to the methodology proposed by AOCS (2009) and, finally, fatty acid of oil composition (lauric (C12:0), myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:l) and linoleic (CI 8:2)) by gas chromatography; evaluating the thermal stability of the catole coconut oil using thermogravimetry (TG); Review of oxidative oil using the Rancimat method; kinematic viscosity determination of oil at 40 °C; evaluation of thermal stress, according to the degradation study of the fatty acids components from catole coconut oil due to the permanence of this by 5 minutes, at temperatures of 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180 °C, respectively. It was concluded: The content of lipid, protein and carbohydrate of catole coconut provides approximately 30.23% of the caloric needs of a 2,000 kcal diet for an adult; among the models tested, Midilli et al. models had the highest R2 values and lower values of DQM, for all temperatures, adjusting better to the observed data; The oil has a low possibility of oxidative deterioration and good thermal stability with degradation beginning at 203.1 °C; by analysis of the TG / DTG curves was observed the existence of two stages of thermal decomposition at intervals from 203.1 to 469.9 °C and 469.9 to 586.1 °C, with respective mass losses of 95.9 and 4,1%; there were no significant variations in percentage of the fatty acid profile of constituent C 12:0 (lauric acid), present in larger quantities in catole coconut oil, with temperature increase.