A teoria do fato social de Émile Durkheim aplicada as causas e efeitos da corrupção comparada à operação andaime.

Abstract

Developed by the French sociologist Émile Durkheim, the Social Fact Theory seeks to present an objective method of observation for the analysis of social phenomena. The present study sought to verify how it was developed and what are the consequences of corruption, a phenomenon that consists of privileging private interests in detriment of the public interest. Corruption is extremely harmful to society, it implies the deterioration of the social order, ruining the concepts of morality and justice, in addition to being a major obstacle to the social, political and economical development of any society. Although corruption occurs worldwide, it is shown in the study, based on the perception of international corruption index, that it has a direct connection with the economic development of nations. Also, the study carried out, in a complementary way, with the analysis of Operation Scaffolding, launched by the Federal Public Ministry of Paraíba in 2015, in this one, it demonstrated that the cases of fraud and corruption practiced by the agents were pathological social facts, since they were impregnated in the agencies and institutions and have affected the social order of the High Backlands of Paraíba region. The objective of this study is to put into practice the analysis model developed by Durkheim, studying corruption as an external, coercive and general act, in order to understand the causes and effects of corruption not only in society in general, but also in the case under analysis. In this sense, a bibliographical and documentary research was carried out, using the works of Émile Durkheim as the guiding source of the study, in addition to scientific articles by researchers studying the subject, legal doctrines, information collected by the press and information provided by public agencies. It was concluded that the cases of corruption investigated are pathological social facts, where individuals do not obey social and moral orders because they are within a vicious cycle that includes a state of anomie and the degradation of institutions.