Anticorpos monoclonais: biofármacos no tratamento do câncer.

Abstract

Recognition of cancer as a public health problern, corroborates the need for studies on both its complex pathogenesis, which leads to changes in the genes DNA, and new clinicai perspectives of treatrnent, especiall)' in chemotherapy, wtth the devclopment of Target theraptes, based on modulatton of thc tmmune system, agamst aggresstve cancers and decreased cytotoxtc effects Thus, the study aimed to review the development and use of Biophannaceuticals, with emphasis on Monoclonal Anttbodtes, in the treatment of cancer For thts, a research \ .. as carried out in the scientific literature (national and internattonal), of experimental studies or ltterarure reviev .. s publtshed between the years 2001 to 2016. The rnechanisms of pathogenesis of cancer and the mam phcnotyptc and metabolic alterations that wcre As phannacologtcal targets, and pointed out the peculiarities of the immune system that serve as a pillar for the development of biopharmaceuttcals The structure and methodologies for the production of monoclonal antibodtes and the mechantsms of acttOn of Rttuximab (Non-Hodking Lyrnphoma) and Trastuzumab (Breast Cancer) were descnbed, as well as the mam information about its clinicai use in the Braztlian context of the Unified Health System. And, finally, the current biostmtlars development scenano ts explained. Of note. therefore. 1s the FDA's approval of more than two dozen monoclonal antibodies (chtmeric, humantzed and human) and thetr fragrnents for antineoplasttc trcatment, with an important exccption for pharmacological targets characteristic of immune cells. dtfferentiation clusters, The major mechamsms of cell destruction by complement-dependent cytotoxlctt} (CDC)~ Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxictt) (ADCC), Specific cffects on tumor vasculature and stroma~ And direct mduction of apoptosis, and relevant production methodologies such as hybndomas, transgenic mice and phage display technology.