Modelos de campos escalares no estudo da cosmologia inflacionária.

Abstract

Taking into consideration the set of di erent approaches to the Universe existent today this work focuses on standard cosmology and in ationary expansion of the said using scalar elds to describe the expansion acceleration rate. Therefore, through a gravitation theory proposed by General Relativity is possible to set Friedmann`s equations and using Field Theory applied to Cosmology to obtain an equation of motion which describes the temporal evolution of a scalar eld called in action, which is responsible for the in ationary process. In this sense, we propose as alternative some models whose potentials are already established, among them: V ( ) = 12m2 2 (quadratic), V ( ) = C cos2 (cosinelike) , V ( ) = C sin2 (sinelike), V ( ) = (t) 4 and the constant potential V = V0 . We seek with this to describe the temporal evolution of the scale factor a(t) and how the decelerating parameter behaves and then analyze the in ationary faze, indentifying periods when the Universe was accelerating or decelerating given curve or plane space scenarios.