Diagnóstico dos impactos ambientais provenientes do lançamento de efluentes no rio Piancó em Pombal-PB.

Abstract

Urbanization in a vertiginous and disordered manner causes the gradual degradation of water resources, due to the scarcity in basic sanitation services. The disposal of effluents ends up becoming one of the main aspects of degradation of the environmental quality of water bodies. In this context, the city of Pombal-PB had its urban development on the banks of the Piancó river, however, this river has become the main means of draining effluents, considering that this watercourse has multiple uses, implying inherent damage to the quality of its water body and the balance of the environment. In this study, the objective was to identify and analyze the environmental impacts resulting from the discharge of effluents discharged into the Piancó river in the city of Pombal-PB. The simplified environmental diagnosis was elaborated through the survey of the situation and perception of the environmental components, portraying the situation of the physical, biotic and anthropic environment, in order to characterize the environmental situation of the area to be studied. Data collections were carried out by on-site observation, obtaining data through government agencies, obtaining cartographic information, consulting bibliographic references already published and using remote sensing, considering the physical environment, the biological environment and the anthropic means. The methods used for the identification and analysis of environmental impacts were the Check Lists methods and the Interaction Matrix method. 60 adverse environmental impacts were identified in the study area, 32 of which were classified as “very significant” and 28 as “significant”, of which 56 are mitigable and 4 are not mitigable. The components of the abiotic and anthropic environment were the most affected by the disposal of effluents in the Piancó river, mainly the environmental components related to the economic factor, the use of water, soil and water resources.