Ação cicatrizante do óleo de andiroba associado à cera de abelha Apis mellifera em feridas cutâneas de ratos Wistar.

Abstract

Healing is a complex, physiological, dynamic, continuous and interdependent process that occurs in all tissues, in order to accelerate tissue repair, the population has used natural substances among which we have andiroba oil and beeswax. This research aimed to evaluate the healing action of topical administration of Andiroba Oil associated with Apis mellífera Beeswax in cutaneous wounds of Wistar rats. In the study, 28 Wistar rats were used, randomly distributed in seven groups, with four animals. After application of the anesthetic, a cutaneous lesion was produced on the dorsal region in each animal followed immediately by the treatment, G1 (control group), G2 (anionic emulsion q.s.p 25g), G3 (2% beeswax), G4 (andiroba oil) 5%), G5 (10% andiroba oil), G6 (5% andiroba oil associated with beeswax), G7 (10% andiroba oil associated with beeswax), evaluated on days 0, 4, 7, 14 and 21. The investigated variables were clinical analysis (weight and temperature), macroscopic evaluation following scores (color, presence or absence of exudate, hyperemia, edema and crusts), morphometric evaluation, where it was possible to verify the gradual decrease in the area of skin lesions in all groups over the course of the study. On day 4, the groups (G2, G3 and G4) in relation to G1 did not show significance, while the groups (G5 = 0.79 ± 0.22, G6 = 0.54 ± 0.33 and G7 = 0.61 ± 0.03) showed a statistically significant difference in relation to G1 = 1.59 ± 0.38; of: p <0.05 and p <0.01, respectively. On day 7, in the groups (G3 = 0.42 ± 0.27, G4 = 0.02 ± 0.00, G5 = 0.13 ± 0.07, G6 = 0.13 ± 0.03 and G7 = 0.00 ± 0.00) there was a statistical difference in relation to G1 = 1.11 ± 0.39 of: p <0.01 and p <0.001. However, the cutaneous wound areas treated with 5% and 10% andiroba oil, pure or associated with beeswax, when compared to each other on days 4 and 7, did not show any statistically significant difference. However, it was observed that on the 7th day of evaluation, wounds treated with the compound of 10% andiroba oil associated with beeswax, showed total wound healing with 100% tissue contraction. Taken together, the results of the research allowed us to conclude that the topical application of pure andiroba oil or associated with beeswax contributed to the process and the quality of tissue repair in the animal model, mainly in the 10% concentration associated with beeswax.