Balanço de energia e caracterização do microclima do Pantanal Sul Matogrossense em períodos de cheia e seca.

Abstract

The present research had as objective to study the behavior of the components of the energy balance in times of full and drought in the Pantanal Sul Matogrossense, due to the surface of the region to present great contrasts among those two times. This basically happens because in most of the years at that time of full, is formed a sheet of water on the surface that embraces an extensive area. The data were collected during the execution of Project Estudos da Camada Limite Superficial do Pantanal Sul Matogrossense, whose experimental base went to Fazenda São Bento (19° 34' S; 57° 01' W), that is located in the area of studies of the Swampland, belonging to the Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, in the margins of Miranda river, Passo do Lontra, municipal district of Corumbá MS. For obtaining of the data a tower of 21 height meters was used, where were installed sensors electronic of high and low frequency. Close of the tower were also installed sensor in the soil to complete the measures of the components of the swinging of energy. The results showed that during the study period, the temperature measured daily it varied predominantly between 25 and 30°C in the months of summer, however, in the months of winter due to penetration of cold fronts in the area the temperature reached values of up to 10°C. The relative humidity of the air was already shown plenty of variable along the year, presenting lower values in the months of smaller precipitation index (winter). The albedo presented higher values (about 20%) in the dry period and went decreasing the measure in that the precipitations went intensifying, getting to present minimum values of about 5% in the end of December of 2001, when laminates of water on the surface reached thickness maximum of 74 cm. The presence of laminates of water provoked alterations in the studied climatic elements, as well as in the components of the radiation and energy balance, the measure in that there were increase or decrease of the thickness. The totais diary of flow of latent heat showed values of the order of 18 MJ/m2 in the period of larger thickness of the laminates of water, what represented 80% of the available energy, while in the driest months, got to reach inferior values for 5 MJ/m2, what just represented about 20% of the available energy.