Gestão de recursos hídricos em propriedades rurais do semiárido.

Abstract

The object in question for carrying out this dissertation was to study the rural management of water resources with an emphasis on basic sanitation and family production. These approaches emerged as specific objectives: 1) to evaluate aspects of the condition of basic sanitation in family units of rural production; 2) relate public policies and auxiliary social technologies to the water resources management and management process; 3) propose a methodology for building a water management plan based on public policies aimed at family farming. Focusing on the region of the upper course of the Paraíba river, the field approach took place in two rural properties in the municipality of Serra Branca, and the application of digital forms in other 14 (fourteen) drinking municipalities in the region. With a view to the answers, which water resources management processes ensure a governance approach to address the needs for access to water and basic sanitation in the rural semiarid region? Results, I useIn this scenario, the support of public policies and reference legislation become essential to foster decent living conditions, including in the scrutiny of the Sustainable Development Goals agenda (2015), with an emphasis on SDG 6, which deals with g water and sanitation, and in relations with other 12 objectives listed for global initiative. A descriptive-exploratory methodology was applied for data collection, whose collection took place through field research, semi-structured interviews and application of virtual forms. To present results, table emphasizing the analytical categories on sanitation and rural production were used, whose graphic layout was through the tabulation of the data in Likert-type scale, proceeded with the Content Analysis from the perspective of the author Guerra (2014) for the treatment of the data. The author Amartya Sen was taken as a reference to support the concept of freedom. In addition to notions based on the understanding of integrated water management, water social technologies (TSH), on the concepts of governance and water inclusion. The results reveal a rural semi arid region, where there are structural advances in technological terms, in which part of the population remains lacking in solutions for basic rights. Potentialities inherent to water are related to development factors that can contribute to overcoming the challenges that they show in this regard, cooperating to increase rural productivity. The multiple uses of water in the region are associated with the practice of irrigation, animal watering, domestic and family uses, demonstrating the potential productive interest. In fact, the main conclusions denote a scenario of inequalities under these factors, with regard to rural basic sanitation, the conditions of access to water and sanitation require efficient and integrated measures for the universality of this environmental good, recognized within the scope of the United Nations (UN). Concerning the quality factor, the predominance of groundwater with high levels of salinity was evidenced, implying necessary measures of rationality for sustainable use. As a product of the study, there is a process flowchart presented in the form of a Technical Note directed as an auxiliary tool to management. Under this perspective, it is recommended the application of methodologies that integrate the best use of water in the demands of rural use in models of governance, in the association of water policy in the health, agriculture and infrastructure sectors, consolidating joint solutions to universalize rural basic sanitation.