Relação entre evasão escolar, gênero e trabalho: o lugar da Sociologia na compreensão da realidade escolar.

Abstract

To combat school dropout, it is necessary to understand your motivations in connection of the socio-historical context of the place where the school is located. In a small rural city, region where gender relations still carry a lot of the patriarchal model, understanding your importance to social life can contribute to a deeper analysis of the school dropout process. The central objective of this research is to understand the relationship between school dropout and gender relations in the context of a high school in the small city of Alagoa Nova-PB, EEEFM Monsenhor José Borges de Carvalho. To this, it was necessary: (I) identify school dropout dates and relate them to state and country data; (II) understand the reasons that makes young people of different genders to drop out of school; (III) analyze the relationship between the reasons listed and the gender relations experienced by these young people in their family and at school; and (IV) reflect of how this knowledge can contribute to planning gender discussions at school. The research has a qualitative and quantitative nature, with primary and secondary data. We work with data from the School Census, INEP and IBGE, at the same time that we use semi-structured interview with 11 young people between 17 and 24 years, 7 boys and 4 girls. The results revealed that school dropout occurs mainly in the first years of high school. In most cases, young people tried to reconcile school and work, but without the understanding of teachers, they give up of school. In the context of a small city, with social and family relations based on inter-knowledge, which stronger marks of patriarchy, there are points in common about the reasons of girls and boys drop out school, as the necessity of work or the difficulty of reconciling studies and work. However, gender also brings some specificities, boys suffer a big pressure to contribute to the support of the family, assuming the role of male provider, between the girls are the most responsible for the care activities in case of an unplanned pregnancy. The feelings of doubt and failure are present in the trajectories of these young people, who see dreams and projects being interrupted for a work activity that does not meet the material needs of them and their families. The majority dream of continuing their studies, but only a few girls even mention the desire to get in a university or have a profession that requires high studies. Finally, we believe that youth policies are far from being effectively implemented by the State to protect that youth. This knowledge can collaborate for the school to think this relationship with students and for the discipline of sociology to become a space for reflection about young people realities.