Anomalias de chuva em anos de episódios extremos de ENOS: impactos ambientais no sistema Curemas-Mãe D’Água.

Abstract

The research aimed to evaluate the occurrence of rainfall anomalies in years of El Niño-South Oscillation of strong intensity and its impacts to the environment and the microclimate in the Curemas-Mother D 'Water Reservoir System. For the analysis and identification of the impacts on the environmental parameters and microclimate, the Rainfall Anomalies index (IAC) was applied to a series of data of 23 years extracted from 5 rainfall stations and in the months of the extreme events of El Niño- Southern Oscillation , the technique of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using images from the Landsat 5 and 8 satellites was used for the spatial and temporal analysis of the changes in the vegetation cover. The results showed the variability of the existing precipitation in the area and the greater occurrence of drought anomalies annually and monthly in the periods of strong events; and that the results referring to the analysis of the behavior of vegetation and water resources demonstrate the relationship between these environmental parameters and the occurrence of anomalous dry and rainy events. The environmental impacts were indicated by the results of the indices and the relation that each of them had with the extreme events of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the presence of anomalies. The results allowed us to understand how the strong episodes of El Niño-Southern Oscillation in the occurrence of anomalies and their influence in the area of the System Curemas-Mother of water behave and how the environment responds to the occurrence of changes and climatic extremes.