Complicações neurológicas secundárias à infecção pelos vírus Zika e Chikungunya: revisão integrativa.

Abstract

The arboviruses are among the most serious infectious threats to the central nervous system (CNS). In this context, we highlight the outbreak of two particular pathogens, the Zika virus and the Chikungunya virus, which have increased the incidence of neurological manifestations. By detection of viral RNA by RT­PCR and IgM and IgG by ELISA, at the same time, excluding other conditions that may be responsible for these complications. The aim of this study was to clarify the main neurological complications caused by these arboviruses and determine their consequences in affected individuals. In this review, we selected 15 articles of relevance, all of them written in the last ten years, which are related to the subject and report the viruses' role in neurological manifestations. After a critical analysis of these articles, high rates of microcephaly and Guillain­Barré syndrome were checked, as well as other important, but less common neurological disorders, such as ADEM, optic neuritis and encephalomyelitis, which reinforced the importance of methodological studies of strong evidence that, so far, do not exist. Finally, these neurological findings should serve as a basis for future studies which will aim to completely elucidate the involvement of these diseases in the nervous system and motivate to develop new vaccines and practices that directly prevent the vector.