Estudo da viabilidade produtiva na obtenção de enriquecidos proteicos para ração animal a partir de resíduos de fruta.

Abstract

The fruit processing industries generate large quantities of wastes and the mixing of residuals from different fruits are usually disposed in the environment. A rational and efficient use of these wastes as a substrate for microbial protein enrichment may give satisfactory results in the production of supplements to diets obtaining products with value added. This use of residuals also contributes to minimize waste disposal problems. This work was carried out to optimize the overall process of obtaining enriched protein supplements for animal feed using the mixture of agro industrial wastes from processed fruits. Case studies with pineapple shell, cashew-apple bagasse and passion fruit shell and albedo aimed a better storage, distribution logistics and minimizing the costs of the final product through economic analysis. Fresh and enriched residuals mixture was characterized by their physicochemical properties. The study of protein enrichment was performed by solid state fermentation (SSF) using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as inoculum and a 1:1:1 mixture of pineapple shells, passion fruit shells and albedo and cashew apple bagasse as substrate. The enrichment was carried out in an oven with air circulation and in a climatic chamber with controlled relative humidity. The operating conditions were: yeast percentage between 3 and 8%, temperature 33ºC and 35 ° C and relative humidity between 60 and 80%. It was found that the mixture of wastes, even when processed out of the optimal conditions recommended for each one, presented protein enrichment index compatible with those reported in literature for the individual waste , obtaining a product with 20% crude protein (b.s). In the studied range it was found that the best conditions were T = 35 ° C, 3% of yeast inoculum and 80% relative humidity. Under these conditions the consumption of reducing sugars was 3.422% and the final moisture content of enriched waste 78.24%. Survey was conducted to identify the suppliers of waste and its potential producers in the Northeast of Brazil, specifically at the States: AL, CE, PB, PE, RN and SE. Through case study, by the method of center of gravity it was found that the neighbors of Estancia is the recommended location for a production unit in the State of Sergipe. A preliminary cost analysis indicates the feasibility of production, with the final price of approximately R$ 0.47 per kilogram of protein supplement produced, which indicates a very competitive value compared to traditional alternatives.